Scene creation and exploration in outdoor augmented reality

This thesis investigates Outdoor Augmented Reality (AR) especially for scene creation and exploration aspects.We decompose a scene into several components: a) Device, b) Target Object(s), c) Task, and discuss their interrelations. Based on those relations we outline use-cases and workflows. The main contribution of this thesis is providing AR oriented workflows for selected professional fields specifically for scene creation and exploration purposes, through case studies as well as analyzing the relations between AR scene components. Our contributions inlude, but not limited to: i) analysis of scene components and factoring inherintly available errors, to create a transitional hybrid tracking scheme for multiple targets, ii) a novel image-based approach that uses building block analogy for modelling and introduces volumetric and temporal labeling for annotations, iii) an evaluation of the state of the art X-Ray visualization methods as well as our proposed multi-view method. AR technology and capabilities tend to change rapidly, however we believe the relation between scene components and the practical advantages their analysis provide are valuable. Moreover, we have chosen case studies as diverse as possible in order to cover a wide range of professional field studies. We believe our research is extendible to a variety of field studies for disciplines including but not limited to: Archaeology, architecture, cultural heritage, tourism, stratigraphy, civil engineering, and urban maintenance

Integrating meaning into quality evaluation of machine translation

Machine translation (MT) quality is evaluated through comparisons between MT outputs and the human translations (HT). Traditionally, this evaluation relies on form related features (e.g. lexicon and syntax) and ignores the transfer of meaning reflected in HT outputs. Instead, we evaluate the quality of MT outputs through meaning related features (e.g. polarity, subjectivity) with two experiments. In the first experiment, the meaning related features are compared to human rankings individually. In the second experiment, combinations of meaning related features and other quality metrics are utilized to predict the same human rankings. The results of our experiments confirm the benefit of these features in predicting human evaluation of translation quality in addition to traditional metrics which focus mainly on form

Evaluation of X-ray visualization techniques for vertical depth judgments in underground exploration

This paper investigates depth judgment-related performances of X-ray visualization techniques for rendering fully occluded geometries in augmented reality. The techniques we selected for this evaluation are careless overlay (CO), edge overlay (EO), excavation box (EB) and a cross-sectional visualization technique (CS). We have designed and conducted a comprehensive user study with 16 participants to examine and analyze the effects related to visualization techniques, having additional virtual objects and the scale of the vertical depths. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first user study on judged vertical depth distances that these techniques were compared against each other. We report our findings using four dependent variables: accuracy, signed error, absolute error and response time to shed some light into real-world performances and also to reveal estimation tendencies of each technique. Our findings suggest similar and better performance for EB, CS compared to CO and EO. We also observed significantly better results for EB and CS techniques when judging Top and Bottom distances compared to Middle distances. Derived from our findings, we proposed a new visualization technique for underground investigation with multiple views. The multi-view technique is our own implementation inspired by magic lens and cross-sectional visualizations with correlating displays

İzmir körfezi doğusunda 2b’xxlu zemin-anakaya modellerinin yüzey dalgası ve mikrogravite yöntemleri kullanılarak oluşturulması

Deprem-zemin ortak davranışı tanımlanırken temel alınan 2B'lu zemin-anakaya modellerinin oluşturulmasıamacıyla İzmir Körfezi doğusunda 10 km uzunluğundaki K-G doğrultulu 2 profil boyunca çeşitli jeofizikyöntemler uygulanmıştır. 50 m derinliğe kadar olan Kayma dalgası hız (Vs) değerleri MASW ve ReMiyöntemlerinin birlikte kullanılması ile elde edilmiştir. Daha derin Vs değerleri ise SPAC yöntemi kullanılmıştır.Elde Edilen Vs değerlerinden ampirik bağıntılar yardımıyla tabakaların yoğunluk değerleri hesaplanmıştır.Mikrogravite yönteminden elde edilen residüel gravite değerleri bu yoğunluk değişimlerine göre modellenerek2B’lu zemin- anakaya modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen modeller incelendiğinde özellikle körfeze yakınkesimlerde zeminin 300-400 m kalınlığında ve birden fazla tabakadan oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Zemin kalınlığınınKörfez doğusuna ve Kuzey-Güney yönüne doğru azaldığı belirlenmiştir.</p

Building a visual analytics tool for location-based services

Conventional visualization techniques and tools may need to be modified and tailored for analysis purposes when the data is spatio-temporal. However, there could be a number of pitfalls for the design of such analysis tools that completely rely on the well-known techniques with well-known limitations possibly due to the multidimensionality of spatio-temporal data. In this chapter, an experimental study to empirically testify whether widely accepted advantages and limitations of 2D and 3D representations are valid for the spatio-temporal data visualization is presented. The authors implemented two simple representations, namely density map and density cube, and conducted a laboratory experiment to compare these techniques from task completion time and correctness perspectives. Results of the experiment revealed that the validity of the generally accepted properties of 2D and 3D visualization needs to be reconsidered when designing analytical tools to analyze spatio-temporal data

3D Bedrock Structure of Bornova Plain and Its surroundings (Izmir/Western Turkey)

An earthquake record is needed on engineering bedrock to perform soil deformation analysis. This record could be obtained in different ways (seismographs on engineering bedrock; by the help of the soil transfer function; scenario earthquakes). S-wave velocity (V (s)) profile must be known at least till engineering bedrock for calculating soil transfer functions true and completely. In addition, 2D or 3D soil, engineering-seismic bedrock models are needed for soil response analyses to be carried out. These models are used to determine changes in the amplitude and frequency content of earthquake waves depending on the seismic impedance from seismic bedrock to the ground surface and the basin effects. In this context, it is important to use multiple in situ geophysical techniques to create the soil-bedrock models. In this study, 2D and 3D soil-bedrock models of Bornova plain and its surroundings (Western Turkey), which are very risky in terms of seismicity, were obtained by combined survey of surface wave and microgravity methods. Results of the study show that the engineering bedrock depths in the middle part of Bornova plain range from 200 to 400 m and the southern and northern parts which are covered limestone and andesite show the engineering bedrock (V (s) > 760 m/s) feature. In addition, seismic bedrock (V (s) < 3000 m/s) depth changes from 550 to 1350 m. The predominant period values obtained from single station microtremor method change from 0.45 to 1.6 s while they are higher than 1 s in the middle part of Bornova plain where the basin is deeper. Bornova Plain has a very thick sediment units which have very low V (s) values above engineering bedrock. In addition, it is observed sudden changes at the interfaces of the layer in horizontal and vertical directions

2D soil and engineering-seismic bedrock modeling of eastern part of Izmir inner bay/Turkey

Soil-bedrock models are used as a base when the earthquake-soil common behaviour is defined. Moreover, the medium which is defined as bedrock is classified as engineering and seismic bedrock in itself. In these descriptions, S-wave velocity is (Vs) used as a base. The mediums are called soil where the Vs is <760 m/s, the bigger ones are called bedrock as well. Additionally, the parts are called engineering bedrock where the Vs is between 3000 m/s and 760 m/s, the parts where are bigger than 3000 m/s called seismic bedrock. The interfacial's horizontal topography where is between engineering and seismic bedrock is effective on earthquake's effect changing on the soil surface. That's why, 2D soil-bedrock models must be used to estimate the earthquake effect that could occur on the soil surface. In this research, surface wave methods and microgravity method were used for occuring the 2D soil-bedrock models in the east of Izmir bay. In the first stage, velocity values were obtained by the studies using surface wave methods. Then, density values were calculated, from these velocity values by the help of the empiric relations. 2D soil-bedrock models were occurred based upon both Vs and changing of density by using these density values in microgravity model. When evaluating the models, it was determined that the soil is 300-400 m thickness and composed of more than one layers in parts where are especially closer to the bay. Moreover, it was observed that the soil thickness changes in the direction of N-S. In the study area, geologically, it should be thought the engineering bedrock is composed of Bornova melange and seismic bedrock unit is composed of Menderes massif. Also, according to the geophysical results, Neogene limestone and andesite units at between 200 and 400 m depth show that engineering bedrock characteristic. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved